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History of Russian toy terrier

In pre-revolutionary Russia one of the most popular decorative breeds were the English toy terriers are the reduced variant Manchester black-tan the terrier well-known ratter at the end of Middle Ages. The given breed was generated in territory of England more four hundred years ago. The basic applicability of these dogs firstly was destruction of rats. In those days it was employment very important and dear. In fact in medieval cities there was no water drain, everywhere there were the mountains of dust being sources of livelihood and duplication of rats. They not only spoilt property and exterminated food stocks of the townspeople, but also were carriers of many especially dangerous diseases from which at times died out up to 90 % of the population of some European countries.

In the beginning of XIX century between the Manchester terriers began to arrange competitions on persecution of rats. In a consequence when rat entertainments have forbidden, the reduced copy of the Manchester terrier - the English toy terrier has been received. They began one of the most popular room breeds and corresponded to the name "toy" not only the tiny growth, but also applicability.
Soon they became popular room breed all over the world, including in Russia. In our country of them expected difficult, but the interesting destiny. During revolutionary events, wars and a Stalin mode the livestock of toy terriers was strongly isolated and spreaded on all country. To the enthusiasts - cynologists who have undertaken in the fiftieth years for restoration of breed, it was necessary to collect a breeding material on particles on all country. The thoroughbred toy terriers having family trees, by then in our country almost were not, therefore toy terriers used in those days in cultivation far from being always were thoroughbred. During this period it was, undoubtedly, is justified. Unfortunately, use in cultivation of dogs of a unknown origin proceeded during several decades, and it did not allow to stabilize a genotype, that is to deduce steady type of breed. And still vigorous efforts of cynologists have led to to positive results.
For close city apartments in which the overwhelming majority of the Soviet citizens of those times lived, small toy terriers suited simply ideally: a minimum of a an occupied place and almost any expenses for a feed. Their popularity and number began to increase quickly. In 1960 at the All-Russia exhibition of dogs in Moscow 76 toy terriers have been submitted, and it is necessary to take into account, that all of them were with a known origin. In restoration of breed have accepted active participation not only the Moscow dog breeders. Significant populations of dogs of this breed were generated in St Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Alma-Ata, etc.
Appearance of domestic toy terriers considerably differed from shape of the true English toy terriers. The reason for this was political conditions in the USSR - our dog breeders worked in full isolation from colleagues of other countries, at times not having absolutely any information on development of breeds abroad. The Soviet dog breeders thought out standards on the western breeds of dogs rather distinguished from standards, accepted all over the world.
So happened and with the toy terrier. According to the standard accepted in the USSR the toy terrier should have height in õîwithers 18-26cm, a head with sharp transition from a forehead to a muzzle, a dome-shaped forehead and the short pointed muzzle. In the standard it was marked, that it could be black-tan colors, brown-tan, and also any shades of red color or blue. At the same time at the true English toy terrier under the standard, developed on its native land in England, should be height in withers 25-30cm, it extremely black-tan color, a head in the form of a narrow wedge with completely flat forehead, with the long and deep muzzle well filled under eyes.
Thus, development of this breed in Russia went, rather distinct from development of breed all over the world in the way. During three decades our dog breeders diligently formed the shape of the toy terrier fixed by the Soviet standard, continuing them to name the English toy terriers, and being it are sincerely confident - in fact to compare them to toy terriers of other countries it was not represented possible. So proceeded down to the end of 80th years when cardinally changed political situation in the country has allowed our cynologists to see dogs of other countries, to visit the European exhibitions of dogs, to communicate with the western dog breeders, to use the world cynology literature. And then it became clear, that the toy terriers deduced at us, not so English toy terriers, and something another. On the originality, uniformity and the big number our toy terriers quite corresponded to concept of independent breed. Thus, they became officially recognized independent national breed. And the Russian sleek-haired toy terrier together with the long-haired colleague has been recognized as one breed.

It is considered to be year of a birth of long-haired toy terriers 1957 when from two sleek-haired toy terriers (one of them had a little bit lengthened wool and was without pedigree) was born it black-tan a male with combing on ears and finitenesses which have named Chiki. Original appearance Chiki has rather interested dog breeders, and they had been undertook attempt to fix by methods of selection these external attributes. Chiki have tied with it black-tan sleek-haired female, possessing hardly the lengthened wool which called Irma (ow. Kuznetsova). Irma has given birth three long-haired puppies who have served by primary base for the beginning of formation of breed.
What the motives which have pushed to these experiments were, now with confidence to tell it is impossible. It is considered to be, that from the very beginning it was supposed to cultivate new breed. However it is possible to assume and another. In the catalogue of the All-Russia exhibition of the hunting and decorative dogs who were taking place in Moscow in 1960, and also in issued in St Petersburg in the same year «Help book on dog breeding» (P.A. Zavodchikov, A.P.Mazover, etc.) is resulted the standard Papillon, obviously adapted by the Soviet cynologists to available at us then to a breeding material. In particular, this standard Papillon in accuracy describes our toy terrier …. The first standards of long-haired toy terriers have repeated the mentioned above standard Papillon almost literally.
In those days the Soviet dog breeders, almost not having thoroughbred dogs, tried to create in the USSR by own strength the whole group of decorative breeds - Affenpinschers, the English toy terriers, Chihuahuas, Lhasa Apsos, the Tibetan terriers, Shih Tzus. Therefore naturally there is a version, that initially it there was an attempt of the Soviet dog breeders to create Papillon. New, rather original breed however has turned out.
Whence has undertaken at long-haired toy terriers so original "clothes" - dense feathers on ears and finitenesses and the lengthened wool on a body? Some dog breeders believe, that the possible ancestors which have presented long-haired toy terriers so specific "clothes", there were long-haired Chihuahua, or others similar to them as a dog. It though and is possible, however it is improbable: cultivation Chihuahua in the fiftieth years at us was conducted extremely is limited, and the first long-haired Chihuahua, got in Russia, have been presented N.S.Hrushchevu during visit to Cuba only in 1959.
However it is easy to remember, that in those days at us two breeds of the dogs, possessing dwarfish growth and a long wool, with excellent feathers on ears and finitenesses were rather widespread, at least, are Pekingese and Japanese Chin. Certainly, as against toy terriers they possessed rather volumetric very short muzzles, but this attribute at selection is rather unstable and consequently is lost already in the first crossbreedings. And as to not standing ears, and to this day at long-haired toy terriers such ears meet much more often, than among sleek-haired.
At all advantages of the maintenance of toy terriers the opportunity of walks with long-haired toy terriers in cold weather now was added. Long-haired toy terriers very quickly became popular, and their livestock began to increase promptly. From the very beginning of formation of breed breeding work with them has headed Zharova Eugeny Fominichna and her name is inextricably related with these dogs. The birthplace of these dogs-babies was Moscow, therefore they were named the Moscow toy terriers.
For the first time the Moscow toy terriers have been officially submitted in June, 1964 at 31-st exhibition of the hunting and êîìíàòíî-decorative dogs. 24 dogs have been submitted. In 1965 the standard in which behind breed the name the Moscow long-haired toy terrier has been officially fixed has been accepted. This standard has existed up to now only with very small updatings and has been changed more recently. The center of cultivation of breed became MGODS, and subsequently MGOLS. At exhibitions of these clubs in those days were exhibited at times more than eighty dogs. Long-haired toy terriers and in other cities of the country have appeared. However in the eightieth years sharp reduction of a livestock of this breed was marked. To one of the reasons for this phenomenon have served massed advertising of some the western breeds of dogs and their intensive delivery in our country. In plenties the American cockers, Miniature Schnauzers, Miniature Schnauzers and many others were imported. These breeds in our country were promptly made multiple copies and have practically superseded domestic toy terriers from their native area of dwelling. Besides our toy terriers quite often served as change currency for a supply of foreign dogs. On the one hand, it reduced and without that small at that time a livestock Moscow toys at us in the country, but with another - promoted their moving worldwide. Now long-haired toy terriers can be met in Poland, Czechia, Germany, the USA, Estonia and a number of other countries, but especially intensive cultivation is conducted in Finland.
To the beginning of the ninetieth years at us in the country the livestock of long-haired toy terriers has decreased up to a critical level. Some cynologists have already started to talk of necessity of the discontinuance of cultivation of this breed, but since this moment she began to be restored quickly. It appeared possible due to that a number of the young progressively adjusted dog breeders which have actively put into operation has become interested in cultivation of long-haired toy terriers. Besides by this time in Russia the modern cynologists structure in this connection the opportunity of existence of private kennels which have soon taken the central place in cultivation of breed has appeared was generated. Number of dogs began to grow quickly, and soon breed has left on a new coil of development.
According to a new level of development of breed and new cynologists conditions the standard of breed has been updated. The new standard unites long-haired and sleek-haired toy terriers as uniform breed with the name the Russian toy terrier.